An experimental investigation of tonogenesis in Punjabi
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this study, we provide a detailed phonetic description of the F0 patterns of Punjabi, an Indo-European language that is believed to be be undergoing tonogenesis. The purported emergent tone in Punjabi is associated with only one class of consonants – those which are thought to be historically voiced aspirated, but now may have lost both aspiration and voicing, instead being differentiated from other consonants by F0. Using data from 6 native Punjabi speakers (3F, 3M) and careful phonetic analysis, we confirm that these consonants are now realised as unaspirated, and, word-initially, also as voiceless. We also find that these consonants induce a falling F0 in the following vowel, but only in word-initial position. Noting that Punjabi nouns are usually stressed word-initially, this pattern of restricted F0 modulation closely resembles languages with emerging tone or “pitch accent”.
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